The House On Mango Street - 1290 Words

Some think of intuition as a mystical power, others think it is just lucky guesswork; either way, intuition tells the brain what it needs to know before our conscious catches up. Each generalization contains different factors, leaving the choice of what factors to leave in and which to leave out. Causing a difficult confrontation of what to believe and what to forget. In Sandra Cisneros’ novel, The House on Mango Street, the universal process of rapid cognition inherently affects stereotyping and discrimination perpetuating gender and racial inequality. Humans obtain the ability to quickly read facial expressions and generalize personality traits. This is commonly known as intuition; the results of unconscious thinking, allowing for the†¦show more content†¦These outsiders â€Å"come into [the] neighborhood scared. They think we’re dangerous†¦ [and] will attack them with shiny knives† (Cisneros 28). Without any supporting evidence for their prejudices, the outsiders assume those living within the Hispanic community are bad and violent people. The residents are judged based solely on their ethnicity, which comes from the outsiders pre determined intuitive thinking. CONCLUSION SENTENCE AND LEADING TO NEXT PARAGRAPH Just as intuition creates negative stereotypes for minority races, it also creates superior generalizations for caucasian people. To prove this, Gladwell discussed the 29th president of the United States, Warren Harding. People looked at Warren Harding and judged him based on his handsome appeara nce. Because of his good looks and tall stature, Harding was unwarrantably thought of as a man of courage, intelligence, and integrity. His looks halted people from going below his veneer appearance. (Gladwell) Most of our generalizations are based from prejudice and discrimination. We have to be able to know when we should trust our rapid cognition and when we need to reassess after it has led us astray. Implicit Association Test: showing how we make connections much more quickly between pairs of ideas that we are familiar too rather than those that are unfamiliar (Gladwell). LEAD IN FOR NEXT PARAGRAPH Despite theShow MoreRelatedThe House On Mango Street861 Words   |  4 Pages The House on Mango Street The House on Mango Street,written by Sandra Cisneros, deals with a mexican girl named Esperanza, who grows up and dreams big in Chicago. Cisneros uses imagery, theme, and symbols to describe many things from Esperanza s perspective. Imagery is used to describe items and people in a meaningful way. Cisneros uses various themes to show various ideas and beliefs. The symbols used describe objects and figures to portray ideas on a deeper level. Cisneros employs unique literaryRead MoreThe House On Mango Street1802 Words   |  8 Pagesovercoming them. In The House on Mango Street the main character Esperanza is the one that narrates the story, she explains what it is like to live on Mango Street. She shows the readers that living on Mango Street is perceived as a terrible area, if one were looking from the outside in. But those that live there feel that they live in fair living conditions. The fact is most of the people who live on Mango Street don t know what it s like to live outsid e of mango street. In the story, they showRead MoreThe House On Mango Street2609 Words   |  11 Pagesin Harper Lee’s To Kill a Mockingbird and Esperanza in Sandra Cisneros’ The House on Mango Street experience the ideological maturity toward womanhood while encountering problems most do not face until adulthood. Living in conservative Alabama where racial tension is high, Scout must learn to be compassionate when her father Atticus Finch defends African-American Tom Robinson against a white woman. Growing up on Mango Street, an impoverished neighborhood of Chicago, Esperanza faces being a poor, coloredRead MoreHouse on Mango Street1087 Words   |  5 Pageschose a path of life. In â€Å"The House on Mango Street†, Esperanza is forced to think about leaving Mango Street in the future, because she is surrounded by women who are pushing her to become an adult.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The first example is Cathy, who knows all the dangers of Mango Street. â€Å"She lives upstairs, over there, next door to Joe the baby – grabber. Keep away from him, she says. He is full of danger.† (Cisneros 12). Cathy tells her what to avoid on Mango Street, and about the people on it. AndRead MoreThe House on Mango Street600 Words   |  3 PagesThe short story by Sandra Cisneros revolves truly around the tittle â€Å"The House on Mango Street† and how her family moved from places to places to get there. The recollection of the street names her family lived on and how every time they moved â€Å"there’d be one more of us† added to the authors focus of emphasizing how important the word â€Å"home† meant to her throughout the story. The family of six included Mama, Papa, brothers Carlos and Kiki, and sister Nenny. According to the author’s memory, sheRead MoreThe House on Mango Street1062 Words   |  5 PagesThe House on Mango Street Esperanza saw self definition as a struggle, the struggle for self-definition is a common theme, and in The House on Mango Street, Esperanza’s struggle to define herself underscores her every action and encounter. Esperanza must define herself both as a woman and as an artist and her perception of her identity changes over the course of the book. Esperanza portrayed a vivid picture to the audience of her surroundings, the people she encountered, and her interpretationRead MoreThe House On Mango Street1992 Words   |  8 Pagesare both there to show us who we are. The House on Mango Street is about a girl named Esperanza, and she is trying to find her place on mango street, and her place in life. Her life is impacted, in good ways and bad, by every person that she meets. We follow her, her family, her friends, and others in her journey of living on mango street, and experience her growing, developing, and experiencing the life made for her. In the book The House on Mango Stree t by Sandra Cisneros, we see a constant tensionRead More The House On MAngo Street953 Words   |  4 Pagesold people are constantly forming the essentials that affect their self-awareness through their daily activities. Forming one’s identity is an ongoing process, because every person in the world can change people one way or another. In The House on Mango Street, the experiences young Esperanza faced day to day develop her true individuality. Young people are easily persuaded and if someone so desired, they could mold them into the person they want. Commonly, young children develop their identityRead MoreThe House on Mango Street1195 Words   |  5 Pagesgovernments, individuals, and communities would be radically transformed. While this is a beautiful image, communities will never fully reach this aspiration. Sandra Cisneros shows the positive and negative effect of community on human growth in The House on Mango Street when Esperanza subconsciously reads the four skinny trees as a stand-in for herself. The layer of concrete surrounding the roots of the trees is a metaphor for the barrier between Esperanza’s success and her community. These four skinny treesRead MoreThe House On Mango Street Essay2466 Words   |  10 Pagesreminding me that: â€Å"We can’t understand you in English.† Through this tug-of-war, between both cultures expectations of who I was to be/become, there was a desperate need to find my own identity, away from either culture. Sandra Cisneros’, The House on Mango Street, documents the need and struggle to find one’s own identity, through the narrator Esperanza’s experiences growing-up in a predominately Latino community in Chicago. Throughout the book Esperanza tries to understand the many different factors

Management and Xerox - 1154 Words

As far as companies go, you won’t find many listed in the dictionary as a verb, an accomplishment of which Xerox is very dignified. Xerox is best known for its photographic, photocopying, printing machinery, and computer and peripheral equipment manufacturing. Though Xerox has been struggling in the business game as a result of restructuring disasters and difficulties, CEO Anne Mulcahy is doing her utmost best to see that Xerox make the transition from previously defunct to future dominant and global leader in the electronic printing media industry. The Bangkok Post relates what helped her critical success factors was vision. She committed her vision of the company s future to paper: not with a traditional vision statement, but with a†¦show more content†¦The strategies I would suggest to Xerox and that of differentiation, cost leadership and focus. Differentiation is a type of competitive strategy with which Xerox seeks to distinguish its products and services from that of competitors. Secondly, cost leadership is a type of competitive strategy with which the organization aggressively seeks efficient facilities, cuts costs, and employs tight cost controls to be more efficient than competitors. Finally, the focus strategy is a type of strategy that emphasizes concentration on a specific regional market or buyer group. With either one or a combination of these strategies, Xerox will be able to stay ahead of its’ competitors and be sure of financial success and prosperity in the competitive market. While looking at the growth of Xerox, its international outlook is important on Xerox’s part because it always them to anchor on an international level and they can be firmly able to take charge as a global empire, brand and company in the printing world because it has the resources to do so due to the potential of business in that particular country. To implement strategies on an international level, managers need to adopt a global mind-set and be aware of varying implementation issues. Flexibility and openness emerge as mandatory leadership skills. StructuralShow MoreRelatedHistory Of Xeroxs Quality Management Strategy Implemented By Kearns The Former Ceo Of Xerox1418 Words   |  6 PagesIn this argument I will exhibit information pertaining to the history of Xerox. The environmental issues which challenged the organization, and how the organization overcame those issues. I will also argue that the quality management strategy implemented by Kearns the former CEO of Xerox is also applicable to other organizations. Critical information will also be conveyed on the Xerox organization subsequent condition to the resignation of Kearns. Augmenting further, an illustrative situation willRead MoreXerox And Xerox s Strategy1542 Words   |  7 PagesXerox Fuji Xerox are Leading Document Management Processing Company selling Xerographic products and providing services like Managed Print Services, Business Processing System etc. Xerox was founded in 1906 in Rochester, New York and Fuji Xerox was formed as a Joint Venture between Xerox and Fuji Photo film in 1962. Xerox in partnership with Fuji Xerox is currently the market leader in providing Managed Print Service. The above image shows comparison between Xerox and other players in theRead MoreThe Key Concepts Of Quality Improvement1614 Words   |  7 Pagesdesigning system and process changes that lead to improve operation and sustainable quality of organization culture. When new design and procedure are introduced, the change management priority is to transit employees to new state. To developing culture of quality, the quality management plan is the key feature of change management that needs to inform structure as a specific wide-rang of leaderships in organization to support transformation change and achieve quality outcome. At this point, DawsoneraRead MoreXerox Case Study1268 Words   |  6 PagesCASE STUDY Xerox Corporation Question 1 Outline the management control system at Xerox. What are the key elements that make the system work? During 1970s, the management system of the company was rigid and accuracy was emphasized, which compromised the management control quality and also lead to unnecessary bureaucracies. In addition, customers’ satisfactions were also neglected due to the bureaucracy occurred. Then, the company’s targets were set unrealistically by the numbers people i.e.Read MoreDiversity Management System Essay1260 Words   |  6 Pagesimportant to learn how to interact and grow with one another. In order for this to take place in the workplace, establishing a strong diversity management program is essential to the success of any organization. One company in particular that has created and implemented an effective diversity management system is Xerox Corporation. Over the year Xerox has been recognized for their valued diversity program. Mulcahy stated,Im convinced diversity is a key to success. Experience tells us that theRead MoreXerox Co. Diversity1509 Words   |  7 PagesCASE 2 - XEROX QUESTION 1 How would Xerox define diversity? How has its definition changed over the years? In business , diversity has seen action in the managing of human resource as essential capital in fostering businesses at a global scale . Diversity is also seen as a concept where differences can be a powerful resource . Based on the Case facts, Xerox value diversity as the most priceless resource to drive the company towards achieving its goals. According to Xerox Chairman amp; former CEORead MoreXerox Is A Leading Business Process Outsourcing1068 Words   |  5 PagesFrame: Overview Xerox is a leading business process outsourcing and document management technology and services firm operating out of 180 countries around the world. In 2014, Xerox reported year end revenues of $19,540 million, down 2.3% from 2013, and a net profit of $969 million, up 17.7% from 2013. Xerox’s operations are broken down in to several main segments: Business Process Outsourcing (BPO): Xerox business process outsourcing services provide support functions such as customer care, transactionRead MoreXerox Financial Fraud Case Analysis Essay1620 Words   |  7 PagesFinancial Research – The Xerox 1 Financial Research Xerox Financial Fraud Case Analysis This paper was prepared for Auditing Procedures Financial Research – The Xerox Abstract On April 8th, 2002, the Xerox Corporation (Xerox) announced its willingness to accept the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) to reach a settlement with the conditions. Thereafter, its financial fraud became surfaced. On June 28th, Xerox Corporation in accordance with the requirements of the settlementRead MoreStrategic Alliances: An Explicit and Implicit Understanding of the Formation of the Fuji Xerox Joint Venture1484 Words   |  6 Pagesformation of the XEROX-FUJI-XEROX joint venture Establishment of Fuji Xerox: Fuji Xerox was the result of a joint venture between the American company Xerox and the Japanese company Fuji. It is considered the most successful joint venture in history between an American and a Japanese company. It was established in 1962 based on 50:50 partnerships with Rank Xerox, which later became part of Xerox Corporation in 1997. Although it was formed to facilitate distribution of Rank Xerox products by actingRead MoreXerox Corp Case 4.5588 Words   |  3 PagesXerox Corp, Case 4.5 1. Comparing HP’s products to Xerox’s, one can observe that HP offered a wide variety and range of products whereas Xerox provided more depth with regards to print and copy merchandise. While comparing financial ratios of the two companies for the year 2000, the following ratios clearly stood out: HP had a return on equity of 0.23, while Xerox’s return on equity was -.09. A negative return on equity would be extremely alarming. HP’s profit margin was .08 while Xerox’s was -

Note Guidelines Rise to Power Hitler Free Essays

Hitler and Nazi Germany Origins and Rise of Hitler- Note Guidelines Use pages 63-72 in â€Å"Authoritarian and Single Party States† by Waller and Todd to make notes using the following headings: How did the political circumstances of Germany after 1918 contribute to the rise of Nazism? The new government set up after the abdication of the Kaiser †¢Ã¢â‚¬Å"Stab in the back’ theory †¢Disappointment at Peace settlement †¢Proportional Representation †¢Constitution- especially Article 48 Challenges to the New Government †¢Spartacus League- left wing challenge †¢Reaction of the conservatives to the new government †¢Kapp Putsch and ‘White Terror. ’ Munich Putsch What part was played by economic conditions of 1919-29 period? †¢Reparations †¢Passive Resistance †¢Hyperinflation †¢New currency and Dawes Plan †¢Problems in agriculture in 1920s †¢Wall Street Crash- effect on Germany How did the Nazi party d evelop between 1919 and 1929? †¢Formation of NSDAP †¢Role of Hitler †¢Formation of the SA †¢Munich Putsch- its impact on Germany and on the Nazi Party †¢Change in party tactics- Fuhreprinzip †¢Formation of the SS †¢Reaction to the Young Plan †¢Support for the Nazis in 1928 (before the Great Depression) How far did the circumstances of 1929-33 open the way for Hitler’s rise to power? Impact of Great Depression- unemployment figures †¢Response of Muller’s Government †¢Nazi messages †¢Changes in chancellors between 1930-33 †¢Increasing divisions among political parties †¢Nazi gains in the Reichstag in 1930 †¢Hitler’s challenge to Hindenburg in the presidential election †¢Nazi gains in the Reichstag in 1932 –July and November †¢Increased support for the Communist Party (KPD) †¢Failure of von Papen’s Chancellorship †¢Failure of von Schleicher’s Chancellorshi p †¢Reason why Hindenburg decided to appoint Hitler as Chancellor †¢Reichstag Fire †¢Emergency Decree †¢March 1933 election †¢Ceremony at Potsdam †¢Enabling Law †¢Gleichschaltung How to cite Note Guidelines Rise to Power Hitler, Essay examples

Transportation and Distribution Management for Nestle Corporation

Question: Discuss about the Transportation and Distribution Management for Nestle Corporation. Answer: Introduction Transport and distribution are defined as the movement of goods (raw and finished), people and animals from one place to another using mode of transport such as rail, road, air, water, pipeline, cable, and space. Transportation and distribution involve the management of people, infrastructure, operations/ logistics and vehicles (Nestle Company, 2016). Logistics, as a superset of transportation, is defined as the art and science of obtaining raw materials, production and distribution of products and materials at the right time, using proper methods, and in proper qualities and quantities. With the industrial context, transport and distribution refer to delivery of materials and products to businesses, consumers, and government officers. Transporting and distribution entail coordination of trained workers, distribution management, and warehousing. This paper will examine how effective is transportation and distribution management is in fulfilling the company's goals: A case of Nestle C orporation (Nestle Company, 2016). Key Information on Nestle Corporation Nestle is a globally known Nutrition, Health, and Wellness company. Nestle Company established in 1866 in Switzerland has expanded into global markets such as the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom. The company's mission is as simple as, "Good Food, Good Life"; Nestle offers its consumers with nutritious choices, best tastes in a variety of beverage and food categories (Nestle Company, 2016). Some of the well-known brands by Nestle are chocolate, confectionery, coffee, beverages, frozen desserts, ice creams, meals, and Nestle Purina PetCare and Nestle Waters. In 2015, Nestl's annual profit was 9.066 billion which showed a decline from 14.456 was in 2014 (Nestle Company, 2016). In 2013, Nestle was voted among the top ten most recognized and admired corporations within the cultural category. The company has always strived to improve the lives of its customer by providing health and nutritious solutions during the entire period of their lives. Nestle helps customers by caring for them and their families. The company's goal is to support people in leading healthier lives. The company's core values have been formed on respect: Respect for the customers, for the future generation, for the environment and the culture and global diversity. However, Nestle faces fierce competition from Danone, Cadbury, Mondelez International, Inc., and Mars, Inc (Nestle Company, 2016). Incoterms Selection Considerations: Effectiveness of Transport Capability of Nestle On a daily basis, Nestle transports over 140,000 tons of products to the consumer markets from over 1600 warehouses globally (Nestle Company, 2016). The transport and distribution of the company's products are majorly done through a partnership with the third-party logistic service providers who travel approximately 270 times around the world on a daily basis (Nestle Company, 2016). The products are mainly transported from the factories to the distribution centres and lastly to end users (Ballou, 2013). Through the logistic service providers, Nestle can evaluate its environmental performance and improve its network's efficiency by reducing fuel consumption, mileage, and emissions of greenhouse gas, congestion, and noise. Nestl's Transport and Distribution Approach The company's transport and distribution approach are based on environmental sustainability. The approach focuses on: Optimization of the distributions routes and networks planning in all operations; Exploring opportunities for improving its transportation options by switching to other transport modes and identifying less harmful fuels; and Expanding the drivers' training to handle both environmental and safety issues efficiently (Ballou, 2013). Moreover, as one way of optimizing the company's performance, the transport and logistic manager focuses on the reduction of empty transportation journeys, increase vehicle utilization, and reviewing the strategic distribution network from time to time. For its fleet operations, optimizing the route planning is an ongoing process (McKinnon, 2015). The company is moving from the traditional mode of transports like road transport to short-sea freight or rail. Likewise switching fossil fuels to trucks using natural gasses with the focus on reducing the environmental effect resulting from transportation. In the warehouses, Nestle in concentrating on reducing its energy consumption as well as switching to alternative renewable energy. Lastly, the company is investing in new transportation and distribution technologies that offer innovativeness in efficiency and environmental improvements (Bookbinder, 2013). Through the collaboration with its customers and suppliers, the company has identified opportunities on how to co-operate and avoid empty trucks on transit after goods and products have been delivered (Emmett, 2012). For example, one truck has been assigned to collect raw materials from Craigavon and Dungannon in North Ireland and deliver them to the factory located in Wisbech in Cambridgeshire. The same vehicle collects finished products from the factory and takes them to the distribution centers in Warwickshire (Hams Hall). Conversely, before leaving the distribution centers, the vehicle is loaded with products to be delivered to homes and offices. The entire process is used to ensure that the journeys are efficient, and the capacity of the trucks have been maximized (Frazelle, 2012). Incoterms used by Nestle Corporation The Nestle Corporation uses the Free Onboard Vessel to transit its products to respective destinations. According to the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC), FOB is defined as Free Onboard Vessel is sort of a hybrid, where the seller is obligated to bring the goods all the way to the port, clear the goods for export, AND see that they are loaded onto the ship nominated by the buyer. Once the goods clear the railing of the vessel the buyer assumes the risk. FOB is often followed by the named loading port thus: FOB Long Beach, meaning the seller delivers the goods, pays the port fees, and sees the goods loaded onto the ship docked (in this case) at the port of Long Beach. Nestle delivers its products to be cleared for transportation or export, the products are then loaded to the vessel chosen by the buyer. Once the products have been loaded to the means of transport, all the risks and costs are transferred to the buyer. Carrier Selection Consideration The selection of the carrier used in the transportation of Nestle products is based on three main factors namely: Reduction of greenhouse emissions Cost reduction; and Increasing efficiency The importance of these factors in selecting an appropriate carrier is as discussed below. Modal shifts The company is focused on establishing the most sustainable modes of transport that reduce gas emissions. Nestle is shifting from long distance transportation via roads into using sea and rails where possible. The modal shift helps in cutting costs, avoiding traffic congestions, reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and increasing efficiency ( Lowe Pidgeon, 2015). Through the project known as the EU Marco Polo project, Nestle looks forward to shifting over 360,000 tons of water, cereal products, and petcare from road to rail transportation by the year 2016. The modal shift is likely to withdraw approximately 5000 trucks per annum by taking advantage of the rail systems between France, Italy, U.S, Slovakia and Germany. If the strategy is effectively executed, the company will save up to 2.8 million over the next three years (Nestle Company, 2016), (Poirier, 2016). The latest transportation project to be launched is known as the Green Alpes which has enabled the distribution of Nestle raw materials and products between France and Italy via train. Through the partnership with the local train companies, the CPW Italy, NPPIT and Nestle Water France, approximately 2800 trucks would be off the road by the end of 201. The project would ensure that GHG emissions are reduced by 2.3 million per year while saving of 750,000 per annum (Keller, 2013). The Nestle Water relies on rail network for efficient transportation of its products over long distances. In 2014, 30% of the total Nestle transportation was through the rail system, which includes 43% transportation of water products in the United Kingdom, and 33% in Italy (Nestle Company, 2016). After the shifting into rail transport system from road transport, the efficiency of the distribution system has improved by 10% while the GHG emission has been reduced by 23% (Nestle Company, 2016). In Japan, Nestle has partnered with the logistics and shippers services providers to facilitate the shifting into the rail transport. The organization started to use rail transport system in its outbound logistic since 2010. The modal shifting was implemented on a full scale in 2011 (Richards Grinsted, 2013). Fleet Vehicles Currently, Nestle has around 2000 fleet of trucks that distribute and deliver pizza and ice creams to the customers. Several technological options are used in the freezer cabinets. The newer trucks have eutectic freezer plates which cool down overnight when the trucks are stationed at the distribution centers. Telematics like GPS systems has been rolled-out on the trucks to reduce the vehicles' idling time. Nestle has managed to reduce the trucks' idling time by 32% of the last two years. Leading to saving at least 250,000 gallons of fuel (Nestle Company, 2016). The company has also maintained the expansion of its environmental and safety efficiency programs for its drivers (Rushton Croucher, 2012). Use of alternative fuels As part of efforts of reducing the emission of GHG emissions, the company has continuously explored other viable means of obtaining and using environment- friendly fuels. For example: The Nestl's water segment in North America is currently using 28 trucks which are powered using gas. There is an ongoing plan to increase the number of propane-propelled trucks to at least 200 by the end of 2016 (Bing, 2011). In Italy, Nestle Waters have agreed with its carriers to invest in 15 trucks that use liquefied natural gas in transporting the products by the company; and The same segment in Thailand has invested in a project to increase the number of trucks that use natural gas from 4 to 50 by the end of 2016 (Richards, 2014). Carrier Relationship Management Optimizing utilization of vehicle capacity Empty delivery vehicles or those carrying limited loads are costly and inefficient. The company always make an effort to utilize the vehicles' capacity. Although the maximum load carried by a container or truck at any given time is limited by maximum volume or weight, even a single percent of load maximization help in reducing the transportation and distribution cost by approximately US $5 million and 29,000 tons of Carbon dioxide emission per annum (Nestle Company, 2016), (McKinnon, 2015). The approach on "no vehicle leaves empty is one way of reducing environmental pollution from the transportation process. The transportation and distribution management have continually optimized route and loads planning as well as combining both the inbound and outbound trucks in maximizing backhauling. The company also works with its partners such as retailers, manufacturers, and suppliers to share transportation facilities where necessary (Emmett, 2013). A pilot test conducted in 2014 showed that the company had several opportunities of improving the utilization of the available transportation capacity. Nestle is rolling out a standardized monitoring system that would help in tracking how effective are the vehicles being utilized by the end of the year 2016 (Poirier, 2016). Cutting cost and environmental pollution by eliminating empty trucks Nestle cooperate with its customers and suppliers on the effective utilization of the delivery vehicles. The approach helps in ensuring that the trucks do not travel empty after delivering the products (Emmett, 2012). The effective installation of transport control centres offers the visibility of identifying the transportation circuits to avoid traveling of empty trucks after products have been utilized. The circuits have been installed globally to maximize truck and container utilization (Ballou, 2013). Distribution networks In 2015, Nestle redesigned 10 of its distribution channels globally as a way of improving transport and distribution efficiency. For example, in the Middle East the company has combined export/ import warehouses, the distribution centres and the packaging and raw materials into one (Nestle Company, 2016). The approach is to ensure that the empty trips have been reduced, and transportation has been synergized. The redesigning on transportation networks is likely to reduce the emission of carbon dioxide by 2000 tons annually. In Italy, the company merged two of its distribution centers into one to significantly reduce its distribution costs and avoid unnecessary routines. The initiative is aimed at reducing carbon emission by approximately 1400 tons per year (Nestle Company, 2016). Conversely, in China, the distance covered during the distribution of Nestle water has been reduced by 32% (i.e. 303 km down from 447 km) between 2010 and 2014. Nestle aims at further reducing the distance to 250 km in the next four years (Keller, 2013). Optimization of route planning The biggest fleet owned by Nestle is located in the United States. The company transports and distributes water and frozen products directly to homes, offices and stores. The direct store delivery services for ice cream and pizza in the U.S. has been revised for the purpose of optimization. The approach is focused on identifying new routing and distributing concepts, saving the fuel consumed by 3.7 million litres per annum and optimization of the delivery distance (Christopher, 2011). Conclusion As stated in the paper, transport and distribution refer to delivery of materials and products to businesses, consumers, and government officers. Transporting and distribution entail coordination of trained workers, distribution management, and warehousing. It is a system that involves several stakeholders such as planners, transport managers, trained employees, and carriers among others. The transportation and distribution system used by the Nestle Corporation as proved to be as efficient and effective as possible (Nestle Company, About Us, 2016). Nestle has invested in several projects and programs in the attempt to improve the standards of its transport system by reducing the operating costs, reduction of carbon dioxide emission and increase efficiency (Nestle Company, Transport and distribution, 2016). To improve the effectiveness of its transportation and distribution systems, Nestle has taken the following initiatives; first, optimized the utilization of vehicle capacity, other, cut on its cost and environmental pollution by eliminating empty trucks, Third, improved on its distribution networks, and Last, it has optimized on its route planning. References Lowe, D., Pidgeon, C. (2015). Lowe's Transport Manager's and Operator's Handbook. New Delhi: Kogan Page. Ballou, R. H. (2013). Basic Business Logistics: Transportation, Materials Management, Physical Distribution. New York: Prentice Hall College. Bing, J. C. (2011). Transportation and Distribution Management Theory and Practice . China: China Logistic Publishing House. Bookbinder, J. H. (2013). Handbook of Global Logistics: Transportation in International Supply Chains. New York: Springer-Verlag . Christopher, P. M. (2011). Logistics and Supply Chain Management . New Jersey: Financial Times/ Prentice Hall. Emmett, S. (2012). Excellence in Warehouse Management: How to Minimize Costs and Maximise Value. New York: John Wiley Sons. Frazelle, E. H. (2012). World-Class Warehousing and Material Handling (Logistics Management Library). New York: McGraw-Hill Education. Keller, S. B. (2013). The Definitive Guide to Warehousing: Managing the Storage and Handling of Materials and Products in the Supply Chain. London: Pearson Education. Mangan, J., Lalwani , C. (2011). Global Logistics and Supply. New York: John Wiley Sons. McKinnon, P. A. (2015). Green Logistics: Improving the Environmental Sustainability of Logistics. London, UK: Kogan Page. Nestle Company. (2016). About Us. Retrieved from Nestle UK Ireland: https://www.nestle.co.uk/aboutus Nestle Company. (2016). Transport and distribution. Chicago. Retrieved from https://www.nestle.com/csv/environmental-sustainability/product-life-cycle/transport Poirier, C. C. (2016). sing Models to Improve the Supply Chain. Chicago: CRC Press. Richards, G. (2014). Warehouse Management: A Complete Guide to Improving Efficiency and Minimizing Costs in the Modern Warehouse. New Delhi, India: Kogan Page. Richards, G., Grinsted, S. (2013). The Logistics and Supply Chain Toolkit: Over 90 Tools for Transport, Warehousing and Inventory Management. London, UK: Kogan Page. Rushton, A., Croucher, P. (2012). The Handbook of Logistics and Distribution Management. London, United Kingdom: Kogan Page.